fix(http): add transport timeouts so tea fails fast on stalled servers (#1020)

Fixes #1018

Co-authored-by: dinsmoor <204368+dinsmoor@noreply.gitea.com>
Co-committed-by: dinsmoor <204368+dinsmoor@noreply.gitea.com>

modules/api/client.go

@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ func NewClient(login *config.Login) *Client {
 	}
 
 	httpClient := &http.Client{
-		Transport: httputil.WrapTransport(&http.Transport{
+		Transport: httputil.WrapTransport(&tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: login.Insecure}),
-			TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: login.Insecure},
-		}),
 	}
 
 	return &Client{

modules/auth/oauth.go

@@ -201,9 +201,7 @@ func performBrowserOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, opts OAuthOptions) (serverURL
 // createHTTPClient creates an HTTP client with optional insecure setting
 func createHTTPClient(insecure bool) *http.Client {
 	return &http.Client{
-		Transport: httputil.WrapTransport(&http.Transport{
+		Transport: httputil.WrapTransport(&tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: insecure}),
-			TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: insecure},
-		}),
 	}
 }
 

modules/config/login.go

@@ -418,9 +418,7 @@ func doOAuthRefresh(ctx context.Context, l *Login) (*oauth2.Token, error) {
 	}
 
 	httpClient := &http.Client{
-		Transport: httputil.WrapTransport(&http.Transport{
+		Transport: httputil.WrapTransport(&tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: l.Insecure}),
-			TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: l.Insecure},
-		}),
 	}
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, oauth2.HTTPClient, httpClient)
 
@@ -448,15 +446,19 @@ func (l *Login) Client(options ...gitea.ClientOption) *gitea.Client {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	httpClient := &http.Client{}
+	// Configure transport-level timeouts so a stalled or unresponsive server
+	// fails fast instead of hanging forever. These bound connection setup and
+	// time-to-first-response-byte only, so slow-but-progressing transfers (e.g.
+	// large attachment uploads) are unaffected.
+	httpClient := &http.Client{
+		Transport: httputil.WrapTransport(nil),
+	}
 	if l.Insecure {
 		cookieJar, _ := cookiejar.New(nil) // New with nil options never returns an error
 
 		httpClient = &http.Client{
 			Jar:       cookieJar,
-			Transport: &http.Transport{
+			Transport: httputil.WrapTransport(&tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}),
-				TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
-			},
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -465,6 +467,10 @@ func (l *Login) Client(options ...gitea.ClientOption) *gitea.Client {
 		options = append([]gitea.ClientOption{gitea.SetGiteaVersion("")}, options...)
 	}
 
+	// SetUserAgent is intentionally redundant with the User-Agent the WrapTransport
+	// transport already sets: this is the SDK's own guarantee, so the UA survives
+	// even if the client is ever given a transport that didn't come from WrapTransport.
+	// Both resolve to httputil.UserAgent(), so the duplicate Header.Set is a no-op.
 	options = append(options, gitea.SetToken(l.GetAccessToken()), gitea.SetHTTPClient(httpClient), gitea.SetUserAgent(httputil.UserAgent()))
 	if debug.IsDebug() {
 		options = append(options, gitea.SetDebugMode())

modules/httputil/httputil.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package httputil
 
 import (
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"runtime"
@@ -20,12 +21,14 @@ func UserAgent() string {
 	return ua
 }
 
-// WrapTransport wraps an http.RoundTripper to add the User-Agent header.
+// WrapTransport returns tea's standard HTTP transport: an *http.Transport
-func WrapTransport(base http.RoundTripper) http.RoundTripper {
+// preset with tea's connection / response-header timeouts (see timeoutTransport)
-	if base == nil {
+// and decorated to add the User-Agent header on every request. The supplied
-		base = http.DefaultTransport
+// tlsConfig is attached as-is (nil is fine); callers use it for insecure /
-	}
+// skip-verify logins. This is the single entry point for building a tea HTTP
-	return &userAgentTransport{base: base}
+// client transport, so the timeouts can't be accidentally omitted.
+func WrapTransport(tlsConfig *tls.Config) http.RoundTripper {
+	return &userAgentTransport{base: timeoutTransport(tlsConfig)}
 }
 
 type userAgentTransport struct {
@@ -33,6 +36,11 @@ type userAgentTransport struct {
 }
 
 func (t *userAgentTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	// Set the UA at the transport so every client built from WrapTransport
+	// identifies itself, including the non-SDK clients (oauth2 flow, token
+	// refresh) that never pass through the SDK's own SetUserAgent. For SDK
+	// clients this overlaps gitea.SetUserAgent; both use httputil.UserAgent(),
+	// so the duplicate Header.Set is a no-op.
 	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", UserAgent())
 	return t.base.RoundTrip(req)
 }

modules/httputil/transport.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package httputil
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Timeout values applied to every Gitea API request. These are deliberately
+// connection-establishment and time-to-first-response-byte timeouts, NOT an
+// overall request deadline: a large release-attachment upload can legitimately
+// run for minutes, and as long as bytes keep flowing none of these fire. They
+// only trip when a server accepts the connection but never (or far too slowly)
+// starts responding — the "hangs forever" case from a stalled or unresponsive
+// server (issue #1018).
+const (
+	// DialTimeout bounds establishing the TCP connection.
+	DialTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+	// TLSHandshakeTimeout bounds completing the TLS handshake.
+	TLSHandshakeTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+	// ResponseHeaderTimeout bounds the wait, after the request is written, for
+	// the server to begin sending response headers. This is the only timeout
+	// that protects against a server which accepts the connection but then goes
+	// silent — the originally reported #1018 symptom; DialTimeout/
+	// TLSHandshakeTimeout do not, because the connection already succeeded.
+	//
+	// The value must clear Gitea's legitimate synchronous pre-response work.
+	// Profiling a self-hosted Gitea 1.24.6 (on hardware slower than gitea.com)
+	// showed creating a pull request that triggers conflict detection across
+	// ~1500 changed files takes ~10s before the first byte (3 runs: 10.06 /
+	// 10.08 / 10.24s); clean-diff PR creation was ~1s and large attachment
+	// uploads ~9ms. 120s is ~12x that measured worst case, leaving generous
+	// headroom for larger repos and busier servers while still failing in two
+	// minutes instead of hanging forever.
+	ResponseHeaderTimeout = 120 * time.Second
+)
+
+// timeoutTransport returns an *http.Transport configured with tea's standard
+// timeouts. The supplied tlsConfig is attached as-is (callers use it for
+// insecure / skip-verify logins). It is a clone of http.DefaultTransport so
+// connection pooling, proxy support and HTTP/2 keep working. Callers obtain it
+// through WrapTransport, which also adds the User-Agent header.
+func timeoutTransport(tlsConfig *tls.Config) *http.Transport {
+	t := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	t.DialContext = (&net.Dialer{
+		Timeout:   DialTimeout,
+		KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
+	}).DialContext
+	t.TLSHandshakeTimeout = TLSHandshakeTimeout
+	t.ResponseHeaderTimeout = ResponseHeaderTimeout
+	t.TLSClientConfig = tlsConfig
+	return t
+}

modules/httputil/transport_stall_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package httputil
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestWrapTransportTimeouts verifies the transport returned by WrapTransport
+// carries tea's standard timeout values, so a stalled server can't make tea
+// hang forever (issue #1018).
+func TestWrapTransportTimeouts(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := WrapTransport(nil)
+	uat, ok := rt.(*userAgentTransport)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("WrapTransport returned %T, want *userAgentTransport", rt)
+	}
+	tr, ok := uat.base.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("underlying base is %T, want *http.Transport", uat.base)
+	}
+	if tr.TLSHandshakeTimeout != TLSHandshakeTimeout {
+		t.Errorf("TLSHandshakeTimeout = %v, want %v", tr.TLSHandshakeTimeout, TLSHandshakeTimeout)
+	}
+	if tr.ResponseHeaderTimeout != ResponseHeaderTimeout {
+		t.Errorf("ResponseHeaderTimeout = %v, want %v", tr.ResponseHeaderTimeout, ResponseHeaderTimeout)
+	}
+	if tr.DialContext == nil {
+		t.Error("DialContext is nil, want a dialer with DialTimeout")
+	}
+}
+
+// newStallListener returns a listener that accepts connections, reads the
+// request, then goes silent without ever sending response headers — the
+// "server accepts the connection but never responds" case ResponseHeaderTimeout
+// guards against. The returned closer stops the listener.
+func newStallListener(t *testing.T) (addr string, closer func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("listen: %v", err)
+	}
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			conn, err := ln.Accept()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			go func(c net.Conn) {
+				buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+				_, _ = c.Read(buf) // drain the request, then never respond
+				<-done             // hold the connection open until the test ends
+				c.Close()
+			}(conn)
+		}
+	}()
+	return ln.Addr().String(), func() {
+		close(done)
+		ln.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// TestResponseHeaderTimeoutFires proves a request to a server that accepts the
+// connection and request but never sends response headers aborts via
+// ResponseHeaderTimeout rather than hanging. It builds the transport the same
+// way WrapTransport does, with a short ResponseHeaderTimeout so the test is fast.
+func TestResponseHeaderTimeoutFires(t *testing.T) {
+	addr, closer := newStallListener(t)
+	defer closer()
+
+	tr := timeoutTransport(nil)
+	tr.ResponseHeaderTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+	client := &http.Client{Transport: &userAgentTransport{base: tr}}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	_, err := client.Get("http://" + addr + "/")
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a timeout error from stalled server, got nil")
+	}
+	if elapsed > 10*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("request took %v; ResponseHeaderTimeout did not fire", elapsed)
+	}
+	t.Logf("request failed as expected after %v: %v", elapsed, err)
+}