chore: modernize CI and update Go toolchain

- Bump Go from 1.19 to 1.26 and update all dependencies
- Rewrite CI workflow with matrix strategy (Linux, macOS, Windows)
- Update GitHub Actions to current versions (checkout@v4, setup-go@v5)
- Update CodeQL actions from v1 to v3
- Fix cross-platform bug in mock/path.go (path.Join -> filepath.Join)
- Clean up dependabot config (weekly schedule, remove stale ignore)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

vendor/github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/osfs/os_posix.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-//go:build !plan9 && !windows && !js
-// +build !plan9,!windows,!js
+//go:build !plan9 && !windows && !wasm
+// +build !plan9,!windows,!wasm
 
 package osfs